A literary analysis essay requires basic knowledge of literary elements. The following article will give you an understanding of such basic elements.
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A novel can be defined as “a long narrative in literary prose” which the author has organized chronologically or in flashbacks. The most popular fiction genres are: romance, history, crime, thriller, fantasy, horror, and science fiction.
The narrator is the person telling the story. Point of view tells us the narrator's position in relation to a story being told, put simply: who is telling the story.
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Who is the narrator or speaker in the story?
Is the narrator the main character?
Does the author speak through one of the characters?
Is the story written in the first person “I” point of view?
Is the story written in a detached third person “he/she” point of view?
Is the story written in an “all-knowing” 3rd person who can reveal what all the characters are thinking and doing at all times and in all places?
Conflict or tension is usually the heart of the novel and is related to the main character. Remember that when we talk about 'conflict' in fiction we do not mean an argument or a fight. Conflict is the obstacle that must be overcome in order for a story to reach a resolution.
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How would you describe the main conflict?
Is it internal where the character suffers inwardly?
Is it external caused by the surroundings or environment the main character finds himself/herself in?
The theme is the main idea, lesson or message in the novel. It is usually an abstract, universal idea about the human condition, society or life, to name a few.
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How does the theme shine through in the story?
Are any elements repeated that may suggest a theme?
The author’s style has to do with the author’s vocabulary, use of imagery, tone or feeling of the story. It has to do with his/her attitude towards the subject. In some novels the tone can be ironic, humorous, cold or dramatic.
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Is the text full of figurative language?
Does the author use a lot of symbolism? Metaphors, similes? An example of a metaphor is when someone says, "My love, you are a rose". An example of a simile is "My darling, you are like a rose."
What images are used?
Your literary analysis of a novel will often be in the form of an essay or book report where you will be asked to give your opinions of the novel at the end. To conclude, choose the elements that made the greatest impression on you. Point out which characters you liked best or least and always support your arguments. Try to view the novel as a whole and try to give a balanced analysis.
Remember to include a title, an introduction, and a conclusion. If you have used material from sources, remember to include references and a source list.
